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Generalities
of Colombia Colombia (/kә'lAmbIә/) (French: Colombie; German: Korean: 콜롬비아; Japonés: コロンビア; Hindi: கொலம்பியா; Thai: ประเทศโคลอมเบีย; Chinese: 哥倫比亞共和國; Hebrew: קאלאמביע), officially "República de Colombia" (the Republic of Colombia), is a country located at the northwest of the South American Continent. About 90% of its territory lies at the north of the Equator and the State of Amazons at its south. It has sovereignty in both Oceans (Atlantic and Pacific). At 1.141.748 km2 (440,839 mi), it is the third biggest country of South America after Brazil and Argentina being as big as Portugal, Spain and France combined. It is the second South American country in population after Brazil (42.888.592), according to the reports of DANE (The Administrative Department for National Statistics of Colombia) 2005. It is the third Spanish country of the world after Mexico and Spain. A Colombian Map by Kool Skatkat The territory of what is today Colombia was settled by many groups that can be traced since about 20,000 years ago. The low lands near the littorals were settled first probably from immigrations from Mezzo America and Caribbean linguistic groups. Tairona, Caribbeans and Chibchas were already in the territory about the beginning of the Holocene (a. 10,000 years ago.) Chibcha groups and Caribbeans settled the Andean ranges. In the plateau of the modern Cundinamarca and Boyaca states there was an evolution of a Confederation of Tribes during the American Classic Stage: The Muisca People organized in two confederations: Bacatá (today Bogotá) under the command of Zipa (their king) and Hunza (today Tunha) under the command of Zaque. At the beginning of the 16th century the Spaniards began to explore the territory. They conquered the native peoples and created a Colony that was to become the Viceroyalty of New Granada. Colombia gained independence from Spain after 1810 together with Ecuador and Venezuela and it was recognized after 1819. The three countries conformed a single republic ("República de la Gran Colombia") until 1830 when they separated. Several political struggles followed until the Constitution of 1886. The 20th century was open in Colombia with the Thousand Days Civil War. Although industrial revolution can be traced since the end of the 19th century, it would have a best time since the 1930's. Coffee was very important since the Antioquian Colonization when families from the Antioquia State settled in what is today the Coffee Axe Region after 1840's and gave to the area a lively economy. The murder of the charismatic leader Jorge Eliecer Gaitán, 1949, caused El Bogotazo and a national political instability that would end with the Frente Nacional, a kind of political agreement with the two enemy factions. Some political sectors felt they were marginalized from that Agreement and they would develop different groups of Communist and Liberal guerrillas after the 1970's. Smuggle and drug consumption in US requiring cocaine would start to develop in that time the drug dealer nets from South to North America. The 1990's and 1980's would become very violent in Colombia due to the war of the mafias in the cities, guerrilla terrorist attacks in the fields and paramilitary groups against guerrilla. The election of the Liberal Álvaro Uribe in 2001 would change that chaotic situation with the surrounding of many paramilitary groups, some guerrillas, the recovery of many areas under guerrilla and paramilitary control by government forces, the eradication of illegal crops and the persecution to mafia leaders. >>Continue reading... According with the last Constitution of 1991, Colombia is a democratic republic. The executive power is leaded by the President, the legal branch by the Supreme Court and the legislative branch by the Congress of the Republic. The capital of Colombia is Bogotá and it is the second capital in population of South America after Buenos Aires and the third more populated South American city after Buenos Aires and Sao Pablo. The most important Colombian urban conglomerations are Bogotá Capital District (a. 7 m pop.), the Medellín Metropolitan Area (a. 3 m), Santiago de Cali Metropolitan Area (a. 3 m), Barranquilla Port and Industrial District (a. 1 m), Cartagena de Indias Tourist and Cultural District (a. 1 m), Santa Marta Tourist, Cultural and Historic District, the Coffee Axe with Pereira, Manizales and Armenia cities, Bucaramanga, Cúcuta District, Ibagué, Popayán District, San Juan de Pasto, Tunha District, San Andrés and Povidencia Archipelago State, Turbo District, Buenaventura Port and District and Tumaco District >>Continue reading...
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