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1830 - 1888

The Republic of Grand Colombia was dissolved in 1830 giving space to three new independent nations: Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador. Since then the period for the consolidation of what was to become the Republic of Colombia in 1886 went through several periods of political changes, civil wars and tendencies among the Centralists and Federalists parties. From this period the most notorious president was Tomas Cipriano de Mosquera of Federalist ideology who gave the most liberal political constitution to the country with different states in what was named "United States of Colombia". Thanks to Mosquera the research on natural resources and ethnography began with the foundation of the Commission for ethnic, geography and cultural studies led by the Italian cartographer Agustin Codazzi. During this period was abolished the slavery and the expulsion of the Catholic orders.